From: Engineered live bacteria as disease detection and diagnosis tools
Imaging Modality | Disease/Disorder | Bacteria | Imaging Agent | Reporter | Model | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PET/SPECT | Melanoma | S. Typhimurium | [124I]FIAU | Â | Mouse | [128] |
Mammary carcinoma | E. coli Nissle 1917 | [18F]FEAU [124I]FIAU |  | Mouse | [129] | |
Musculoskeletal bacterial infection | Staphylococci sp Enterococci sp Proteus sp E. coli sp Pseudomonas sp | [124I]FIAU | Â | Human subjects | [130] | |
Bacterial infection | S. Typhimurium | [125I]FIAU [18F]FLT | Â | Mouse | [131] | |
Bacterial infection | E. coli S. aureus 29,213 and 25,923 Streptococcus pneumoniae 49,619 Enterococcus faecalis 49,532 Staphylococcus epidermidis F362 | [125I]FIAU |  | Mouse | [132] | |
Colon tumor | C. novyi-NTÂ spores | [125I]FIAU | Â | Mouse | ||
Lung infection | E. coli RS218 | [125I]FIAU | Â | Mouse | [133] | |
Ultrasound | Gastrointestinal tract imaging | E. coli Nissle 1917 | ARGs |  | Mouse | [134] |
Ovarian tumor | S. Typhimurium | ARGs | Â | Mouse | ||
Breast tumor | E. coli Nissle 1917 | ARGs |  | Mouse | [135] | |
MRI | Kidney tumor | M. magneticum AMB-1 | magnetite (Fe3O4) particles |  | Mouse | [136] |
Mammary tumor | E. coli Nissle 1917 |  | Bacterioferritin | Mouse | [137] | |
Pancreatic carcinoma | C. novyi-NT | iron-oxide nanoparticles | Â | Mouse | [138] | |
Liver carcinoma | C. novyi-NT spores | iron-oxide nanoparticles | Â | Rat and rabbit | [139] | |
Fluorescence | DSS- induced Colitis | Gut commensal bacteria | D-amino acid hydroxycoumarin amino- D-alanine (HADA) 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctanoic acid (KDO) derivative 8-azido-8-deoxy-KDO (KDOAz) N-cyclopropenyl galactosaminyl carbamate (GalCCP) | Â | Mouse | [140] |
Mammary tumor | E. coli | CytoCy5S | Â | Mouse | [141] | |
Colon tumor | B. Breve | |||||
Bacterial infection | S. Typhimurium | |||||
Bacterial infection | S. aureus | UBI29-41-IG02 | Â | Mouse | [142] | |
Bacterial infection | E. coli | Maltodextrin-based imaging probes | Â | Rat | [143] | |
Prostate tumor | S. Typhimurium A1 | Â | RFP (in PC-3 cell) GFP | Mouse | [144] | |
Fever | E. coli | Â | GFP (mWasabi) | Mouse | [145] | |
Bioluminescence | Intracolonic adenocarcinoma | E. coli | Â | Luciferase (Lux) | Mouse | [146] |
Colon carcinoma Lung metastases | S. Typhimurium ΔppGpp |  | Renilla luciferase variant 8 | Mouse | [147] | |
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | S. Typhimurium VNP2009 | Â | mKate2 (in CFPAC-1 cell) luciferase | Mouse | [148] | |
Infection model | S. aureus |  | Modified lux operon | Mouse | [149] | |
Thigh model of infection | E. coli | Â | Luciferase | Mouse | [150] | |
Catheter-based infection | S. aureus P. aeruginosa | Â | Luciferase | Mouse | [151] | |
Bacterial implant infection model | S. aureus Xen29 |  | Luciferase | Mouse | [152] | |
Infarcted myocardium | S. Typhimurium ΔppGpp |  | Renilla luciferase gene (RLuc8) | Mouse | [153] | |
Photoacoustic imaging | Colon tumor Breast tumor | E. coli BL21 |  | Melanin-pDA-ICG | Mouse | [154] |
Breast tumor | E. coli | Â | Phytochrome-based reporter protein (mDrBphP-PCMm/F469W) | Mouse | [155] | |
Melanoma | L. lactis |  | GFP mCherry IRFP713 β-galactosidase | Mouse | [156] | |
Breast tumor Gastrointestinal tract | E. coli S. aureus M. luteus P. aeruginosa | Modified gold nanoparticles with glucose polymer | Â | Mouse | [157] |