Table 2 Non-viral gene-delivery based therapeutic approaches for bone and/or cartilage repair
From: Non-viral gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells: a practical guide towards cell engineering
(Therapeutic NA) | Non-viral vector | In vitro / in vivo study | Approach | Methods | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pDNA (BMP-2) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs)/ In vivo (rabbit model) | Bone regeneration | Histological, IHC, and immunofluorescence analyses | [5] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and FGF-2) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (DPMSCs)/ Ex vivo (tooth model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, PCR, and ICC analyses | [202] |
pDNA (BMP-2) | nHA | In vitro BMMSCs)/ In vivo (mice model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, histological and IHC analyses | [23] |
pDNA (BMP-2) | nHA | In vitro (BMMSCs)/ In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, histological and IHC analyses | [22] |
pDNA (BMP-2, and VEGF) | GET peptide complexes | In vitro (rMSCs) / In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, and histological analyses | [178] |
pDNA (BMP-2) | TransIT® lipopolyplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs)/ In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, histological and IHC analyses | [21] |
pDNA (BMP-2) | Poly (amido amine) polyplexes | In vitro (TDMSCs)/ In vivo (mice model) | Bone regeneration | PCR, WB, histological and IHC analyses | [20] |
pDNA (BMP-2/6 and BMP-2/7) | Nucleofector® | In vitro (gMSCs)/ In vivo (mice model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, and histological analysis | [65] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and VEGF) | PEI polyplexes and nHA | In vitro (rMSCs) / In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, and histological analysis | [69] |
pDNA (PDGF B) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs)/ In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | Histological and IHC analyses | [176] |
pDNA (TGF-β1) | Peptide complexes | In vitro (BMMSCs)/ In vivo (rabbit model) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay, PCR, and histological analysis | [18] |
pDNA (BMP-2) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs) | Bone regeneration | PCR, and CC analysis | [177] |
pDNA (BMP-2) | nHA (mineral coated) | In vitro (hMSCs) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, and CC analysis | [190] |
pDNA (BMP-2/9) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs) / In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | PCR, histological analysis, and atomic absorption spectroscopy | [218] |
PDNA/ (BMP-2 modified) | Peqfect® peptide complexes | In vitro (rAMSCs) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay, ELISA, PCR, and CC analysis | [203] |
pDNA (TGF-β1) | Stearate cationic peptide complexes | In vitro (MSCs) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay | [189] |
pDNA (OSX-GFP) | bPEI polyplexes | In vitro (hBMMSCs) | Bone regeneration | CC analysis | [174] |
pDNA (ephrinB2) | bPEI polyplexes | In vitro (hBMMSCs) | Bone regeneration | PCR, Calcium Liquicolor kit, and blocking peptide assay | [152] |
pDNA (BMP-2) | nHA and Lipofectamine 2000® | In vitro (rMSCs) | Bone regeneration | Calcium Liquicolor kit, CC and immunofluorescence analyses | [175] |
cDNA (BMP-2) | Lipofectamine 2000® lipoplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs)/ In vivo (mice model) | Bone regeneration | ELISA, and histological analysis | [115] |
miRNA (miR-133a) | nHA | In vitro (rMSCs)/ In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | PCR, histological and IHC analyses | [206] |
miRNA (miR-122) | Commercial transfection reagents (not specified) | In vitro (rMSCs)/ In vivo (rat model) | Bone regeneration | PCR, WB, histological and IHC analyses | [180] |
miRNA (antmiR-138) | Lipofectamine 2000® | In vitro (BMMSCs)/ In vivo (mice model) | Bone regeneration | PCR, WB, histological and IHC analyses | [117] |
miRNA (antmiR-138) | Lipofectamine 2000® | In vitro (rat BMMSCs) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay, PCR, and CC analysis | [116] |
siRNA (siNoggin) | Lipofectamine 2000® and cationic stereosomes | In vitro (AMSCs)/ In vivo (mouse model) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay, PCR, and histological analysis | [118] |
pDNA (RUNX2); siRNA (siOCT3, siOCT4 and siNANOG) | Poly (β-amino ester) polyplexes | In vitro (DPPSCs) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay, PCR, and ICC analysis | [26] |
pDNA (BMP-2); siRNA (siNoggin) | C32-122 polyplexes and NA114 lipoplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay, ELISA, PCR, Calcium Reagent kit, and CC analysis | [34] |
siRNA (siNoggin); miRNA (miR-20a) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (hMSCs) | Bone regeneration | CC analysis | [68] |
siRNA (siNoggin); miRNA (miR-20a) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (hMSCs) | Bone regeneration | ALP assay, PCR, Calcium Reagent kit, and CC analysis | [191] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and TGF-β3) | nHA and PEI | In vitro (MSCs) | Osteochondral regeneration | ELISA, biochemical, histological and ICC analyses | [19] |
pDNA (TGF-β1) | Gelatin microspheres | In vitro (hMSCs) | Chondrogenic differentiation | Biochemical, histological and ICC analyses | [1] |
pDNA (TGF-β1) | Pullulan spermine polyplexes | In vitro (rMSCs) | Chondrogenic differentiation | CC analysis | [135] |
pDNA (SOX9) | PEI-modified PLGA polyplexes | In vitro (hMSCs) | Chondrogenic differentiation | PCR, biochemical analysis, and immunoblotting | [27] |
pDNA (Endostatin) | GP2® lipoplexes | In vitro (cBMMSCs) | Chondrogenic differentiation | ELISA, and CC analysis | [188] |
mRNA (SOX9 and MYOD) | 3DFectIN® lipoplexes | In vitro (hMSCs) | Chondrogenic and myogenic differentiation | PCR, and ICC analysis | [194] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and TFG-β3) | Lipofectamine 2000® lipoplexes | In vitro (hiPSCs)/ In vivo (rat model) | Osteochondral regeneration | PCR, histological and immunochemical analysis | [111] |
pDNA (EGFP-C1) | PAA-BA and PEI polyplexes; Lipofectamine 2000® lipoplexes | In vitro (BMMSCs) | Multipotent differentiation | PCR, and ICC analysis | [120] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and TGF-β3) | PEI polyplexes, HA nanoparticles, RALA peptide | In vitro (hMSCs) | Osteochondral differentiation | ELISA, PCR, biochemical, CC and ICC analyses | [179] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) | nHA (mineral-coated) and Lipofectamine 2000® lipoplexes | In vitro (hMSCs) | Osteogenic differentiation | Biochemical and CC analyses | [114] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and TGF-β3) | CaP nanoparticles or CaP/PEI polyplexes | In vitro (hMSCs) | Osteogenic differentiation | PCR, and CC analysis | [153] |
pDNA (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) | Scaffold HA | In vivo (rabbit model) | Osteogenic differentiation | Histological analysis | [186] |
miRNA (miR100-5p and miR143-3P) | PEI polyplexes | In vitro (MSCs) | Osteogenic differentiation | PCR, and CC analysis | [67] |
miRNA (miR-133a) | nHA | In vitro (hMSCs) | Osteogenic differentiation | PCR, Calcium Liquicolor kit, and ICC analysis | [183] |
miRNA (antmiR-138) | Chitosan/tripolyphosphate/HA nanoparticles | In vitro (MSCs) | Osteogenic differentiation | PCR, WB, and CC analysis | [184] |
miRNA (miR-218) | bPEI polyplexes | In vitro (hMSCs) | Osteogenic differentiation | ALP assay, PCR, WB, and CC analysis | [182] |